apd 1 antibody  (Bio X Cell)

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: PD‐L1 on Tumor‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induces CD8 + T Cell Terminal Exhaustion and Mediates Anti‐PD‐1 Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

doi: 10.1002/advs.202516348

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differences in the number of tumor‐infiltrating exhausted T cells before and after aPD‐1 treatment in HNSCC. A) UMAP plot illustrating the distribution of tumor‐infiltrating CD8 + T cells from the GSE200996 (n = 25) and GSE195832 (n = 8) datasets, color‐coded by the three broad cell groups (C1, C2, and C3). The plot shows a comparison of pretreatment and posttreatment samples, highlighting the expression levels of key markers, such as GZMK , CXCL13 , TIM3 , CTLA4 , LAYN , and MKI67 , in CD8 + T cells. B) Comparison of the proportions of three distinct clusters of CD8 + T cells between pretreatment and posttreatment samples. C) Schematic diagram illustrating the mouse subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of HNSCC treated with IgG as a control or aPD‐1 treatment on days 6, 8, 10, and 12 after tumor implantation (n = 4 per group). Created in https://BioRender.com . D) Tumor growth curves of the mice in different treatment groups; the arrows represent the time points of drug administration. E) Proportion of tumor‐infiltrating CD8 + T‐cell subsets in mice in different treatment groups. F) Flow cytometry analyzing the infiltration ratios of PD‐1 + TCF‐1 − CD8 + T (Tex term ) cells, PD‐1 + TCF‐1 + CD8 + T (Tex prog ) cells, and PD‐1 + CD8 + T cells in response to IgG or aPD‐1 treatment. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. ns, not significant, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, two‐tailed Student's t test. Pre, pretreatment; Post, posttreatment; Tex term cells, terminally exhausted T cells; Tex prog cells, precursor exhausted T cells; prolif, proliferation; aPD‐1, anti‐PD‐1; i.p., intraperitoneal injection; FCM, flow cytometry.

Article Snippet: For in vivo antibody treatment, the mice received intraperitoneal injections of either 200 μg of the IgG1 isotype control (BioXCell, #BE0083) or aPD‐1 antibodies (BioXCell, #BE0146) every three days for two weeks.

Techniques: Comparison, Expressing, Transplantation Assay, Control, Tumor Implantation, Flow Cytometry, Two Tailed Test, Injection

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: PD‐L1 on Tumor‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induces CD8 + T Cell Terminal Exhaustion and Mediates Anti‐PD‐1 Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

doi: 10.1002/advs.202516348

Figure Lengend Snippet: TME infiltration of CD8 + T‐cell subsets in the aPD‐1 treatment responder group and non‐responder group was assessed. A) Summary of the procedure used to evaluate CD8 + T‐cell subset infiltration in the TME of 40 patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment, and the RECIST 1.1 criteria for assessing immunotherapy efficacy. Created in https://BioRender.com . B) Sankey diagram illustrating patient transfer during immunotherapy, infiltration of PD‐1 + TCF‐1 − CD8 + T (Tex term ) cells within the stroma or tumor, and survival status in the clinical cohort. C) ROC analysis of the ability of Tex term cell infiltration levels to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy. D) Multiplex immunofluorescence staining of tumor tissues from HNSCC patients was performed to detect CD8 (yellow), PD‐1 (green), TCF‐1 (red), Pan‐CK (light green), and DAPI (blue) expression, with a scale bar of 100 µm. The infiltration of different subsets of CD8 + T cells in the stroma, tumor, and TME between the responder (CR+PR) groups (n = 26) and the non‐responder (SD+PD) groups (n = 14) was statistically analyzed. E) Flow chart of the in vivo animal experiments. Created in https://BioRender.com . F) Tumor volume curves of SCC7 tumor‐bearing C3HeN mice treated with IgG as a control (n = 7) or aPD‐1 (n = 15) twice a week (arrows represent time points of administration). The mice in the aPD‐1 treatment group were divided into a responder group and a non‐responder group according to tumor size. Significance was calculated by two‐way ANOVA. G) The proportions of CD8 + T‐cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment of mice in the aPD‐1 treatment responder group and non‐responder group were analyzed by flow cytometry. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. ** P < P0.01, *** P < 0.001; two‐tailed Student's t test. PR, partial response; CR, complete response; PD, progressive disease; SD, stable disease; Tex term cells, terminally exhausted T cells; Tex prog cells, precursor exhausted T cells; AUC, area under the curve; TME, tumor microenvironment; R, responder; NR, non‐responder; i.p., intraperitoneal injection; wt, wild type; aPD‐1, anti‐PD‐1.

Article Snippet: For in vivo antibody treatment, the mice received intraperitoneal injections of either 200 μg of the IgG1 isotype control (BioXCell, #BE0083) or aPD‐1 antibodies (BioXCell, #BE0146) every three days for two weeks.

Techniques: Multiplex Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing, In Vivo, Control, Flow Cytometry, Two Tailed Test, Injection